Sources & References
The references consulted for each landmark in Crossroads of Time: Saudi Arabia's Cultural Landmarks (2025 edition), as listed in the book.
ÜSources:
h Riyadh Region Sources
Ø Tawbad Mountain
Ø Souq Al-Zal
- https://www.alarabiya.net/saudi-today/2024/09/30/--على-شــاهد-الزل-سوقأرسارهـا-وحافظ-الريا…
- https://ar.timeoutriyadh.com/shopping/الرياض-موسم-الزل-سوق
Ø Al Masmak
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Masmak_Palace
- https://www.kapl.org.sa/magazine/ahwal-al-marefah/article/184/english-content-coming-soon
- https://ar.timeoutriyadh.com/attractions/الرياض-املصمك-قرص
Ø Diriyah
- https://www.spa.gov.sa/N2052106
- https://www.vision2030.gov.sa/ar/explore/projects/diriyah
- https://qafilah.com/يف-جوهرة-الدرعيّة-وعدسة-عني/
Ø Zarqa Al-Yamama
Ø Edge of the World
- https://www.bayut.sa/blog/طويق-السعودية/جبل-اكتشف/
- https://www.sayidaty.net/node/1261476/-على-ســياحية/صيفنا-سياحة/وجهاتالعـامل-حافة-إىل-رحلة…
- https://www.arabnews.jp/en/features/article_64129/
h Western Region Sources
Ø The Kaaba
- https://zamzam.com/blog/history-of-kaaba/
- https://saudipedia.com/article/11952/-ماذا-الحرام/على-دينية/املســجد-شؤوناملرشفة-للكعبة-ال…
- https://www.almazarat.com/blog/Holy-Kaaba
Ø The Black Stone
- https://zamzam.com/blog/the-black-stone-kaaba/
- https://saudipedia.com/article/6281/األسود-الحرام/الحجر-دينية/املسجد-شؤون
- https://www.youm7.com/story/2021/9/7/-املرشفــة-الكعبة-باب-وتلميع-تنظيف5452810/األســاليب-…
- https://www.facebook.com/groups/438239330660943/posts/1338352087316325/
Ø Masjid Quba
- https://zamzam.com/blog/history-of-masjid-quba/
- https://qubaa.mda.gov.sa/quba%20features.html
- http://visitmadinahsa.com/Details/7
Ø Jabal al Nour
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabal_al-Nour#Cave_of_Hira
- https://www.omandaily.om/وثور-حراء-غاري-لتطوير-املنوعات/فرصة
- https://x.com/AJELNEWS24/status/1823357890700169508/photo/1
- https://welcomesaudi.com/activity/jabal-al-nour-noor-mount-of-revelation-makkah
Ø Souk Okaz
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souk_Okaz
- https://alkhaleejonline.net/media/22561
- https://news.elsob7.com/144111/ع-سوق-يقع-وأين-اإلسالم-قبل-العرب-أسواق/
- https://sabq.org/saudia/dpjg6b
- https://www.aljarida.com/article/95472
- https://www.blueabaya.com/2015/09/souk-okaz-saudi-arabia-ancient-arabian-adventure.html
- https://www.adwaalwatan.com/3336015
- https://fly2umrah.com
- https://www.freepik.com/premium-photo/place-where-muslims-visit-pilgrimage-umrah-kaaba-mec…
- https://www.freepik.com/premium-photo/masjid-nabvi-with-white-caligraphy-background_370198…
Ø Zamzam
- https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/زمزم
- https://ar.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/األثري_ملف:برئ_زمزم.jpg
- https://alarab.qa/article/25/08/2016/950005-زمزم-برئ-يف-يوجد-ماذا-شاهد
Ø Roses of Taif
- https://www.aljazeera.net/misc/2014/6/1/وأرسار-عشق-قصة-الطائف-ورد
- https://nabd.com/s/85255786-21e6ac/-الطائفــي-الورد-وعطر-ماء-إلنتاج-مزرعةب-ف-أ-.-للــورد-م…
- https://wardatstore.com/VqYPEEl
- https://www.baytalfann.com/post/the-roses-of-taif
Ø Ancient Stone Structures
- https://arabic.cnn.com/travel/article/2020/12/02/mysterious-stone-structures-saudi-arabia
- https://x.com/Saudi_MT/status/1098948557934088193
- https://www.aljazeera.net/culture/2021-قبل-ما-مجتمعات-عن-/تكشف2/5怀/التاريخ
h Eastern Region Sources
Ø Dammam Well No. 7
- https://www.spa.gov.sa/2386144
- https://maaal.com/archives/202103/-بــ رر-قصة-83-الـ-إطالقه-ذكرى-يوم-يف-7الدمــام/
- https://www.history.com/news/fdr-saudi-arabia-king-oil
- https://rahhal.wego.com/blog/أبواب-يفتح-الحمراء-الخرب-شرياتون-فندق/
Ø Pearl Diving
- https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/طواشة
- https://www.spa.gov.sa/w1858776
- https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/طواشة.jpg
- https://timelesspearl.com/blogs/learn-about-pearls/nature-pearl-and-cultured-pearl-are-the…
- https://br.freepik.com/imagem-ia-gratis/bela-perola-em-concha-na-praia_411806903.htm#fromV…
Ø Al-Uqair
- https://aawsat.com/home/article/814281/-الســعودية-السواحل-على-أثرية-موائنعريقة-حضارات-قصص…
- https://www.ahlanwasahlan.world/node/3651
- https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/_ميناء_العقــ رر_يف_اململكة_العربية_ال…
- https://fokharia.sa/en/landmarks_places/uqair-port-and-the-beach/
h Southern Region Sources
Ø Rijal Almaa
- https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/رجال_أملع
- https://welcomesaudi.com/ar/activity/rijal-almaa-beautiful-heritage-village
- https://portal.aseer.gov.sa/ar/node/262
- https://x.com/AbdullahShasha/status/1678820415458754560
- https://www.asda.gov.sa/about-us/
Ø Al-Habala
- https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/الحبلة_(عسري)
- https://arabic.cnn.com/travel/article/2020/12/20/habala-village-saudi-arabia
- https://arabic.cnn.com/travel/article/21/12/2020/tapline-becomes-first-registered-saudi-in…
- https://www.alyaum.com/articles/-بينها-وسفر/صور-/الحياة/سياحة6589476عسري-يف-للسياحة-الجاذب…
- https://arabic.cnn.com/travel/article/20/12/2020/habala-village-saudi-arabia
Ø Khawlani Coffee
- https://jabaliyah.com/ar/blog/جازان-يف-النب/a-722617002
- https://www.alarabiya.net/saudi-today/2021/01/24/-جنــوب-يف-الخوالين-النبقرون--8تتجاوز-أصا…
- https://www.thenationalnews.com/gulf-news/202210/02//saudi-coffee-legacy-through-the-gener…
- https://www.arabnews.com/node/1620271/jserrors/aggregate
Ø Al-Qatt Al-Asiri
- https://www.ahlanwasahlan.world/node/241/النساء-إبداع-العسريي-ُفنونها/القَط
- https://ajel.sa/tourism/tkcwnt
- https://slaati.com/2020/07/30/p1702397.html
- https://weftrug.com/en/products/qatt-asiri-rug
- https://www.alwatan.com.sa/article/1052556
h Northern Region Sources
Ø Hatim al-Tai
- https://doc.aljazeera.net/portrait/2023/4/13/الذي-العريب-الكرم-سلطان-الطايئ-حاتم
- https://sfc.locationshub.com/Slideshow.aspx?lid=999-17149&id=3468724
- https://doc.aljazeera.net/portrait/2023/4/13/الذي-العريب-الكرم-سلطان-الطايئ-حاتم
- https://www.murshdk.com/Place/Details/0ce96271-1f92-42c8-9265-fa0efde1d02f
Ø Za’bal Castle
- https://www.spa.gov.sa/1985918
- https://arabic.cnn.com/travel/article/2020/08/03/zabal-castle-saudi-arabia-photographer
- https://orchestractc.org/service-catalog/details/6638ca84a986ec001e2345a4
Ø Sisra Well
- https://www.alarabiya.net/saudi-today/2022/09/03/-برئ-ســعودية-مدينة-يفعــام-2000-من-أ كرث…
- https://x.com/DesertPublisher/status/1867827565467250969
- https://ajel.sa/local/hhw3v0n5eq
- https://www.spa.gov.sa/2381145
Ø Madain Saleh
- https://inhubsa.com/post/152/العال-يف-ددان-ومملكة-صالح-مدائن-تاريخ-على-تعرف
- https://www.okaz.com.sa/last-stop/na/1571885
B h t t p s : // w w w. g o o g l e. c o m / s e a r c h ? s c a _e s v = b b d 1 f 8 7 8 d 2 8 2 d f 9 6 & l n s_
surface=26&hl=ar&sxsrf=AHTn8zrTs0Cw6PyLSxYa5wA00_YiyoS-hQ:1745072
620204&udm=48&si=APYL9buGmpQYpE6338c1FuRm_huDhoS-SW7UwUk0c_
FqJnHYAdXy75cy21r0nXDWc0BvJ8zKhyMZWtPE6ds6c78TnSnSbrY5mR3T8_TMSlAJq
wbUPNdgh0EVJeUyA5GKMmsE7jMKayd7XUxzYKttx8X9wMdKRk_0Zqco0EJCHUX3jeyG
Rq9FdAuNeyeTsQDPTkz62N1-ooUr&vsint=CAIqDAoCCAcSAggiGAAgATojChYNAAAAPx
UAAAA_